Affiliation:
1. Department of Pharmacy, Southeast University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
2. Department of Physical Therapy, Inje University, Gimhae, South Korea
Abstract
Post-translational modifications (PTMs) increase proteome activity for controlling every feature of normal cell biology. PTMs such as phosphorylation, acetylation, glycosylation, fatty acylation, palmitoylation, myristoylation, ubiquitination, SUMOylation (small ubiquitin-like modifiers), methylation, deamidation, nitrosylation, etc. of proteins can regulate the properties of protein including intracellular distribution, functionality, stability, accumulation, as well as interactions. PTMs take place at any stage of the protein life cycle, regulating protein folding and activity in time and space, subcellular localization of the protein, and their activity. Hence, PTMs play a pivotal role in the regulation of numerous cellular processes. Abnormal PTMs of one or more culprit proteins might contribute to neurodegeneration, which is shown in some neurodegenerative disorders including Alzheimer's, Parkinson's, and prion disease. In this chapter, the authors focus on the most essential PTMs that are observed in neurodegenerative disorders and elucidating the pathogenesis wherein they are involved.