Management of Insects/Nematodes for Improving the Crop Productivity

Abstract

More than five million tons of chemical pesticides are applied annually throughout the world. Out of this, about 65% are used for agriculture, and the remainder by public health agencies and government agencies. The primary source of pesticides in ecosystems is agriculture and forestry. Pesticide poisoning is a major public health problem. These chemical pesticides affect nonpathogenic organisms, and due to that, environmental problems arise. To avoid the use of these hazardous chemicals, integrated pest management strategies are beneficial in which cultural, physical and mechanical, biological and chemical control measures are included. IPM strongly focuses on supporting natural mortality factors like pests and natural enemies. IPM requires a great deal of sampling, monitoring, and decision making to be effective.