Zinc and Neurodegenerative Disorders

Abstract

Zinc (Zn) is an essential trace element that is abundantly present in humans. Despite its importance in normal brain functions, alterations in zinc homeostasis cause various neurological pathologies such as dementia, Parkinson's disease, Prion's disease, etc. A growing body of evidence has shown that zinc might play a dual role: in which both zinc depletion and excess zinc cause severe damage and hence neurotoxicity develops. Homeostatic controls are put in place to avoid the accumulation of excess zinc or its deficiency. This cellular zinc homeostasis results from the actions of a coordinated regulation effected by different proteins involved in the uptake, excretion, and intracellular storage or trafficking of zinc. Further investigation has also shown the role of endogenous carnosine (beta-alanyl-L-histidine) in binding excess zinc. Hence, it has the ability to prevent neurotoxicity. Also, the role of a zinc-rich diet cannot be overemphasized. The authors of the chapter, however, provide an insight into the link between zinc homeostasis and neurodegenerative disorders (NDs).