Abstract
Thyroid-associated ophthalmopathy is a self-limiting autoimmune disease associated mainly with Graves' disease, but also with Hashimoto's thyroiditis (HT) and euthyroid states. There are two distinct stages of the disease, an active inflammatory stage followed by inactive quiescent stage. Eye disease activity/severity is independent of gender, age, thyroid function, or smoking. There are no effective means of preventing the disease or reliably altering its course. Current therapeutic options include local supportive measures, corticosteroids, external beam radiation and steroid-sparing immunosuppressive agents for reducing the inflammation during active disease and surgery for correcting the residual abnormalities secondary to fibrosis in the inactive state of the disease. This chapter explores Hashimoto's ophthalmopathy.