In music teaching, the application of artificial intelligence has brought revolutionary changes to teaching and greatly improved the teaching quality and learning effect. The purpose of this study is to explore the application and effectiveness of artificial intelligence in auxiliary music teaching system. With the rapid development of information technology, the application of artificial intelligence in the field of education is more and more extensive, especially in the field of music teaching, and its potential and value are gradually emerging. In this study, by constructing a music teaching system based on artificial intelligence, the influence of learners on music cognition, skill mastery and innovation ability was deeply studied. In terms of research methods, this study uses empirical research methods, combined with questionnaires, teaching experiments, data analysis and other means to comprehensively evaluate the effectiveness of artificial intelligence-assisted music teaching system.