College students often experience sports injuries on the basketball court due to their lack of understanding of their own situation and poor self-protection awareness. This article takes college students in the Chengdu Chongqing region as the research object, analyzes the causes of basketball sports injuries among college students through questionnaire survey, and proposes rehabilitation methods and preventive measures for sports injuries. The research results indicate that the main reasons for athlete injuries include improper preparation activities, technical errors, excessive load, poor physical fitness. To reduce the occurrence of injuries, it is necessary to do good warm-up training and enhance the flexibility of joints and ligaments. During physical rehabilitation training, it is necessary to focus on controlling the training intensity and establishing a phased recovery plan. Ultrasound can be used to accelerate the recovery speed of athletes' injuries. The research results provide theoretical data support for preventing basketball injuries among college students.