After nearly 30 years after the reform and opening up the rapid development of economy, China also had a “industrial pollution” and “poverty”, mainly because of the low level of productivity, population pressure overload caused by environmental degradation, and between population pressure and environmental degradation A vicious cycle, is essentially a syndrome caused by poverty. We've been paying a lot of attention to the former for a long time At present, the environmental awareness education in colleges and universities has made great progress compared with the past. College students basically have certain environmental knowledge and awareness, and have high enthusiasm for environmental protection and environmental protection cause, and pay great attention to it. However, when problems arise or involve their own interests, their environmental awareness and behavior lag significantly. In this paper, system dynamics, neural network model and computer simulation are used to study environmental protection in ecologically fragile areas.