Haracterization of newly breeded winter bread wheat lines for valuable economic features

Abstract

Aim. To create high-yielding winter bread wheat lines. Results and Discussion. Of 11 lines transferred to the National Gene Bank, KD16-21 line had a growing period length similar to that in the check accession (274 days). A shorter growing period (273 days) was observed in KKh22-21 line. KK14-21 (275 days), DL32-21 (275 days), LK24-21 (276 days), LV61-21 (276 days), VA68-21 (278 days), LA89-21 (278 days), VA73-21 (279 days), and KK63-21 (281 days) lines had longer growing periods. The longest vegetation was recorded for LK94-21 line: 285 days. KD16-21 plants were as tall as the check accession plants. Of the new lines, which were distinguished due to performance constituents and yield capacity, VA68-21 was the tallest line (113 cm). Among the new lines, the highest resistance to leaf blotch of 9 points was noted in KK63-21 and LK94-21. Resistance to powdery mildew in the overwhelming majority of lines was 8 points; in KK14-21, KK22-21, and DL32-21, resistance to this disease was the same as that in the check accession (7 points). The longest spike was recorded for LA89-21 (11.5 cm). As to the spikelet number per spike, all lines were significantly superior to the check accession. The greatest numbers of spikelets per spike were observed in VA73-21 (21.3), KK63-21 (21.4), LA89-21 (21.7), and LK94-21 (21.7). The highest spike density was noted in KKh22-21: 21 seeds/10 cm. As to grain weight per spike, the following lines were distinguished: DL32-21, LV61-21, VА68-21, VА73-21 (2.1 g), and LK94-21 (2.2 g). Two lines, VA68-21 (47.1 g) and LV61-21 (47.2 g) were noticeable for the highest thousand kernel weight. These 11 lines yielded significantly more than the check accession (560 g /m2). The biggest yields were produced by LK24-21 (672 g/m2), VA73-21 (678 g/m2), and KK14-21 (721 g/m2). Conclusions. The lines with the longest growing periods were identified: VA68-21, LA89-21, VA73-21, KK63-21and LK94-21. Among the new winter bread wheat lines, sources of resistance to diseases and overwintering were selected: KD16-21 was winter hardy and resistant to diseases, KK 63-21, and LK 94-21 were resistant to leaf blotch.Among the new lines, sources of high levels of constituents of the spike performance were found: LV61-21, KK 63-21, VА73-21, LK94-21, and LА89-21 were selected by spike length; VА73-21, KK63-21, LA89-21, and LK94-21 – by spikelet number per spike; VА73-21, LК94-21, and KK63-21 – by kernel number per spike; VА68-21, VА73-21, KK63-21, DL32-21, KD16-21, LK94-21, and KKh22-21 – by spike density; DL32-21, LV61-21, VА68-21, VА73-21, and LK94-21 – by kernel weight per spike; VA68-21 and LV61-21 – by thousand kernel weight; and VA68-21, KKh22-21, LK94-21, LK24-21, VA73-21, and KK14-21 – by yield.