The role of artificial matrix components used for regenerative medicine in combating periprothetic infection

Abstract

Currently, there is an increasing demand for biocompatible materials that can be used for bone reconstruction. However, there is still no consensus regarding adequate bone replacement material. The materials traditionally used for reconstructive surgeries, and methods of making bone-replacing implants from them have various disadvantages. They do not fully satisfy the biological and biomechanical characteristics of living tissues. This leads to a clinical situation called "implant failure” and consists of a violation of its integrity, loosening, attachment of infectious agents, and inflammation development. There are severe socio-economic losses for the patient himself and the state. The problem of infectious complications after surgical operations with the use of bone replacement implants is quite acute. Periprosthetic infection is a modern professional challenge for surgeons and bioengineers. However, antibiotic therapy, which is the only treatment of choice for periprosthetic infection, is characterized by various side effects and becomes ineffective due to microbes' antibiotic resistance. In this regard, for the fight against periprosthetic infection, metal ions with antimicrobial potential (copper, zinc) are considered promising, which are not destroyed during sterilization of medical devices and have their own biological (regulatory) activity. The presented data indicate researchers' interest in studying the interaction of immunocompetent and mesenchymal stem cells with biomedical materials with antimicrobial potential.