Biomechanical Analysis of the Pharyngeal Swallow in Postsurgical Patients With Anterior Tongue and Floor of Mouth Resection and Distal Flap Reconstruction

Abstract

The purpose of this study was to examine changes in the biomechanics of pharyngeal swallow after surgery in eight patients (six men and two women) with anterior tongue and floor of mouth resections with distal flap reconstruction. Eight normal age-matched subjects were also studied. Swallowing performance was assessed following a standardized protocol with videofluoroscopy preoperatively and at 1 and 3 months postoperatively for the oral cancer patients. The normal subjects received a single videofluoroscopic study. Computer-assisted biomechanical analysis was used to mark the movements of specific oropharyngeal structures over time throughout the swallow of calibrated boluses. Statistical analyses revealed that tongue base, pharyngeal wall, hyoid, laryngeal, and cricopharyngeal movements during the swallow were altered significantly after surgery for the cancer patients. Some oropharyngeal structural movements differed from those of normal control subjects before surgery. In this study, biomechanical measures indicated that there was recovery in some aspects of the pharyngeal swallow in this patient group. The duration of tongue base to pharyngeal wall contact, which was significantly reduced preoperatively and at 1 month after surgery, increased significantly to within normal levels by the 3-month postoperative evaluation. Duration of laryngeal closure and the onset of laryngeal closure relative to cricopharyngeal opening also improved significantly to within normal levels by the 3-month postoperative evaluation.