Effect of Perceptual Load on Semantic Access by Speech in Children

Author:

Jerger Susan1,Damian Markus F.2,Mills Candice1,Bartlett James1,Tye-Murray Nancy3,Abdi Hervé1

Affiliation:

1. University of Texas at Dallas

2. University of Bristol, United Kingdom

3. Central Institute for the Deaf at Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO

Abstract

PurposeTo examine whether semantic access by speech requires attention in children.MethodChildren (N= 200) named pictures and ignored distractors on a cross-modal (distractors: auditory–no face) or multimodal (distractors: auditory–static face and audiovisual–dynamic face) picture word task. The cross-modal task had a low load, and the multimodal task had a high load (i.e., respectively naming pictures displayed on a blank screen vs. below the talker's face on his T-shirt). Semantic content of distractors was manipulated to be related vs. unrelated to the picture (e.g., picture “dog” with distractors “bear” vs. “cheese”). If irrelevant semantic content manipulation influences naming times on both tasks despite variations in loads, Lavie's (2005) perceptual load model proposes that semantic access is independent of capacity-limited attentional resources; if, however, irrelevant content influences naming only on the cross-modal task (low load), the perceptual load model proposes that semantic access is dependent on attentional resources exhausted by the higher load task.ResultsIrrelevant semantic content affected performance for both tasks in 6- to 9-year-olds but only on the cross-modal task in 4- to 5-year-olds. The addition of visual speech did not influence results on the multimodal task.ConclusionYounger and older children differ in dependence on attentional resources for semantic access by speech.

Publisher

American Speech Language Hearing Association

Subject

Speech and Hearing,Linguistics and Language,Language and Linguistics

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