Modern aspects of external application and prospects of using the secretome of mesenchymal stem cells (review)

Abstract

Introduction. The secretome of mesenchymal stem cells (SMSC) is widely used in medicine. It is most often used due to its immune-modulating and regenerative properties in the treatment of autoimmune, immuno-mediated and other diseases due to its anti-inflammatory, neuroprotective and regenerating action. In many studies, exosomes isolated from SMSC are used as a therapeutic agent. In recent years, the interest in the development of products containing SMSC for external use has increased. Similar drugs are planned to be used in the treatment of diabetic wounds, for skin regeneration, the treatment of inflammatory diseases, as well as alopecia. There are multiple studies on increasing collagen secretion and reducing skin photosensitivity in preclinical studies, which confirms the significant potential for the use of SMSC in dermatology and cosmetology. The purpose of this review was to study the potential of using conditioned medium in medicines for external use, approaches to standardization of SMSC as a pharmaceutical substance and methods of increasing percutaneous delivery.Text. SMSC as an active pharmaceutical ingredient is a transparent liquid from yellow to orange in color with a characteristic odor. The pH of the ready-to-use SMSC composition ranges from 7.0 to 7.5, which allows it to be used in topical and external applications without the addition of stabilizers or pH correctors. Problems of delivery of SMSC through the epidermis are most often solved by placing the secretome in hydrogels, using exosomes or technology using microneedles. Since 2022, after legislative changes, measures have been taken to register and introduce into clinical practice domestic drugs based on cellular products. However, as the analysis showed, it will take some time before the appearance of original medicines based on SMSC, and today in the Russian Federation only products related to cosmetics and veterinary drugs, as well as zoocosmetics, are produced so far.Conclusion. SMSC may also prove to be a safer and more effective substance for the potential treatment of a wide range of acute and chronic diseases. But despite the large number of positive results of using SMSC for wound healing in animals, as well as clinical studies on skin regeneration, there are no studies of its safety and effectiveness, as well as standardization of the production process.