Treatment of macular diseases: a look into the future (literature review)

Abstract

The introduction of ranibizumab into widespread ophthalmic practice in 2006 marked the beginning of a new era in the treatment of macular diseases. Despite the availability of drugs with proven efficacy and safety, significant efforts are being made to develop this area. The literature review presents current data on new anti-VEGF agents that are still being studied (brolucizumab, conbercept, abicipar pegol). Also highlighted strategies and new therapeutic options aimed to increase the duration of the therapeutic effect, alleviating the treatment burden and improving outcomes in real clinical practice: gene therapy (drugs ADVM-022, RGX-314, HMR59), slow-release formulation GB-102, slowly-clearing large molecule KSI- 301, as well as agents with new molecular targets (faricimab, OPT-302), and the continuous delivery of ranibizumab using the Port Delivery System. Key words: macular diseases; anti-VEGF therapy; efficacy; safety; treatment burden; gene therapy.