A Review on In-vivo, In-vitro and In-silico Screening Tools to Investigate the Nephroprotective Effect

Abstract

The nephron, which is the kidney's fundamental functional unit, is made up of a variety of cell types grouped into a nephron. Any stimulus that cause these cells to die can result in kidney damage and leads to nephrotoxicity. Renal failure can be caused by either intrinsic or extrinsic factors. Diabetes, cardiovascular disease, sepsis, obesity, and liver and lung failure are examples of extrinsic causes. Renal fibrosis, polycystic kidney disease, Glomerular nephritis, stones and tubular cell death are all intrinsic causes. To date, multiple strategies have been effective in developing various screening tools to imitate human diseases, including kidney damage (nephrotoxicity).Such models have been crucial in the research of mechanism, pathogenesis, and, most critically, the identification of new therapeutic compounds derived from natural products for the treatment of renal disease patients. We review key information on various in-vivo as well as in-vitro screening models used to estimate drugs nephroprotective effect.