Polyhydroxybutyrate Produce by Lignocellulose

Abstract

The increasing worldwide concern of pollution is major threat and plastic is one of the major sources of the invasive pollution and pollution caused by plastic is one of the most widespread problems which are affecting our environment (Kumar,R,Sharma.2018). Plastic causes various pollution such as land pollution, air pollution and water pollution, and also cause different types of threat to human health, ocean health, food safety and quality. The burning of plastic and other waste product releases the harmful materials which cab be heavy metals, persistent organic pollutants, and release other chemicals into the air. These chemicals are also linked to the development of asthma, cancer and other diseases, but still it are being use in the industries because it is lighter in weight, show high resistance, low density, stability and flexibility and also is a poor conductor of heat and electricity. Based on the multiple beneficial properties of plastics they are most widely produced, as plastics show countless advantages but they also bring a lot of environmental problem and health hazards. Particularly, micro- plastics have direct effects on food products and also enter the human body. It is assumed that these micro-particles can possibly forward from the intestine to the blood and the lymphatic system and to various organs. It is also observed that one third of the plastic waste undergoes recycling, the left over end up in landfills polluting the environment. Most of the plastics manufactures are only single use and thus its increasing production leads to degradation of fossil fuels. But the excessive use of plastic is causing more risk. To reduce the increasing risk of environmental pollution an alternative should be use which show somewhat property similar to that of plastic or can use bio plastics. Bioplastics are defined as polymers of biomass mostly carbon based compounds and are absolute eco-friendly plastics. The Polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs) is biodegradable plastics and among which Polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB) the most well-known and are environment friendly materials which have property similar to plastics and belong to class of alkanoates. PHB are the biosynthetic and biodegradable materials which cause no harm to the environment and it can be biodegradable into organic waste (Li et al.2016, Umesh et al.2018) PHB can be broken down by living organisms, like bacteria as it is biodegradable in nature (Sirohi et al. 2020b). When PHB and the materials created by PHB is thrown out and it will naturally degrade without causing pollution. Bacillus megaterium was the first to generate Polyhydroxybutyrate.This was the first bioplastics made from bacteria.