An estimate of the economic burden of schizophrenia in Mexico: a retrospective study in the psychiatric hospital setting

Abstract

Background The aim of the present study was to estimate the economic burden from the perspective of patients and their families and the associated variables. Methods Quantitative evaluative research with retrospective design of patients with schizophrenia diagnosis according to the International Classification of Diseases (ICD-10). Direct costs (medical and out-of-pocket costs), non-medical costs (transportation) and indirect costs were calculated. Findings A sample of 96 patients was obtained; 62% were males, the median of treatment was 7.5 years (Interquartile range, IQR 13), the mean schooling was 10 years (standard deviation, SD 2.7). The 71.8% of study sample had no work activity. Direct costs: medical costs USD 2,956 and out-of-pocket expense USD 498. Non-medical costs USD 10. Indirect costs: the productivity loss of the patient was USD 5,760 and for the family caregiver was USD 460. The annual illness cost of a case of schizophrenia was USD 7,164; considering the prevalence of schizophrenia, the annual economic burden was USD 206,625,079 in total. There is a negative association between the loss of productivity of the patient with age, occupation and years of treatment evolution, Coefficients -.318, P < 0.05; -.431, P < 0.001; -.428, P < .000; respectively. Conclusions The economic burden of schizophrenia in Mexico was determined by the loss of productivity and out-of-pocket expenses; the determinants were work activity and the years of evolution of the disorder. It is necessary to establish mechanisms for financial protection and timely care of the schizophrenia in order to achieve the patient’s reintegration into the labor market.