Use of Magnetic Beads in Selection and Detection of Biotoxin Aptamers by Electrochemiluminescence and Enzymatic Methods

Abstract

Systematic evolution of ligands by exponential enrichment (SELEX) was used to develop DNA ligands (aptamers) to cholera whole toxin and staphylococcal enterotoxin B (SEB). Affinity selection of aptamers was accomplished by conjugating the biotoxins to tosyl-activated magnetic beads. The use of magnetic beads reduces the volumes needed to perform aptamer selection, thus obviating alcohol precipitation and allowing direct PCR amplification from the bead surface. Following five rounds of SELEX, 5′-biotinylated aptamers were bound to streptavidin-coated magnetic beads and used for the detection of ruthenium trisbypyridine [Ru(bpy)32+]-labeled cholera toxin and SEB by an electrochemiluminescence methodology. A comparison of control (double-stranded) aptamer binding was made with aptamers that were heat denatured at 96°C (single-stranded) and allowed to cool (conform) in the presence of biotoxin-conjugated magnetic beads. Results suggest that control aptamers performed equally well when compared to heat-denatured DNA aptamers in the cholera toxin electrochemiluminescence assay and a colorimetric microplate assay employing peroxidase-labeled cholera toxin and 5′-amino terminated aptamers conjugated to N-oxysuccinimide-activated microtiter wells. Interestingly, however, in the SEB electrochemiluminescence assay, double-stranded aptamers exceeded the performance of single-stranded aptamers. The detection limits of all aptamer assays were in the low nanogram to low picogram ranges.