Author:
Olinga Zanga,Philippe Salomon Nguwoh ,Taheu Christian Ngounouh,Likeng Julienne Louise Ngo,Nguepidjo Gilbert,Tonmeu Sandrine Chimène Douyong,Folefack Guy Benoit Lekeufack,Sevilor Kekeunou,Tchoffo Désiré,Fokam Joseph
Abstract
Background: Hepatitis B virus (HBV) is one of the most common infectious pathogens worldwide particularly in sub Saharan African (SSA). In Cameroon, HBV is highly endemic (HBsAg >8%), suggesting a rigorous transfusion safety policy on the national territory. This study aimed to determine HBs antigen (HBsAg) seroprevalence of the HBV in blood donors using Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent (ELISA) at the Essos Hospital Centre (EHC) in Yaounde, Cameroon.
Methods: From January, 18th to May 31st, 2021, we carried out a quantitative, cross-sectional and descriptive study among 326 volunteer blood donors attending EHC of Yaounde, Cameroon. The socio-demographic data of the participants was described while the surface antigen of hepatitis B virus (HBsAg) was determined using qualitative ELISA (Rapid Labs HBsAg) technique in the sera or plasma. The data was analyzed using the IBM Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) v. 22. The difference between two proportions was considered significant when the probability of error was less than 0.05 (p<0.05).
Results: The median age of blood donors was 25 years (min-max: 12-52 years), the male were more represented with 96.32% (314/326) and the sex ratio (M/F) was 26.2. Globally, the HBsAg seroprevalence among blood donors was 13.19% (95% CI: 9.7%-17.4%; 43/326). The seroprevalence of HBV (HBsAg) was not statistically associated with sociodemographic characteristics of the study population (p<0.05). Meanwhile, this seroprevalence was high in male (95.35%; n=41), in the blood donors aged between 18 and 26 years old (51.16%; n=22), in single (83.72%; n=36) in blood donors with secondary education (74.42%; n=32). In addition, informal (55.81%; n=24), catholic (100.0%) and family blood donors (100.0%) were more infected.
Conclusion: This study revealed a very high HBs antigen seroprevalence in blood donors attending the EHC in Yaounde, Cameroon. However, none of the sociodemographic characteristics was not significantly associated with HBV infection in the study population. Thus, reducing the frequency of post-transfusion hepatitis B remains a permanent challenge in Cameroon.
Publisher
European Open Science Publishing
Reference25 articles.
1. Lemoine M, Eholie S, Lacombe K. Reducing the neglected burden of viral hepatitis in Africa: strategies for a global approach. J Hepatol. 2015; 62(2): 469-476.
2. World Health Organization (WHO). Hepatitis B: fact sheet. [Internet] 2020. Available from: https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/hepatitis-b
3. Ofori-Asenso R, Agyeman Akosua A. Hepatitis B in Ghana: a systematic review & meta-analysis of prevalence studies (1995-2015). BMC Infect Dis. 2016; 16: 130.
4. World Health Organization (WHO). Hepatitis B. [Internet]. Accessed on 18th Jun 2021. Available from: https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/hepatitis-b
5. Yang JD, Mohamed EA, Aziz AO, Shousha HI, Hashem MB, Nabeel MM, et al. Characteristics, management, and outcomes of patients with hepatocellular carcinoma in Africa: a multicountry observational study from the Africa Liver Cancer Consortium. Lancet Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2017; 2(2): 103-11.