Epithelial Ovarian Cancer: Microenvironment and Immunecheck Point Inhibitors

Abstract

With poor prognosis for patients with advanced disease, ovarian cancer continues to be the most lethal gynecologic malignancy. Despite optimal treatment, the disease frequently recurs and develops chemoresistance. The tumor immune microenvironment has been predicted to play a special role in tumor development and treatment, by modifying immunosuppressive and cytotoxic responses in close proximity to tumor cells via metabolic reprogramming. A better understanding of the tumor microenvironment’s critical roles allows researchers to develop new therapeutic strategies, such as immunotherapy, to combat epithelial ovarian cancer chemoresistance. Unfortunately, the results of many clinical trials examining immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) have shown very low levels of efficacy for single-agent immune checkpoint inhibitors, and research on combination treatments has not yet identified any combinations with robust activity in a large number of epithelial ovarian cancer patients. The present research will begin with a review of the main concept of immune response inside the ovarian cancer microenvironment. Then, we’ll try to figure out what role various immune checkpoint inhibitors have in the ovarian cancer microenvironment. Finally, we’ll look into several exciting treatment options, such as immune checkpoint inhibition and the body’s anti-ovarian cancer immunological response.