Pilgrims at the Golden Gate: Christian Scientists on the Pacific Coast, 1880––1915

Author:

Swensen Rolf

Abstract

There has never been a social history of Christian Science, a distinctive and controversial new religious group that emphasized metaphysical healing. The group appeared in the United States in the 1870s and 1880s under the leadership of Mary Baker Eddy. This article examines the early rapid growth of Christian Science on the Pacific Coast, for the religion flourished to a greater degree in this health- conscious and socially fluid region than in any other section of the world. Analysis of the occupations of more than 1,000 members and spouses of six Christian Science churches in California, Oregon, and Washington for the years 1905-1907 provides detailed conclusions at variance with previous conjecture. The new evidence shows that Christian Scientists on the Pacific Coast were an ethnically homogeneous, uprooted, and energetic lot from all social levels, with a surprisingly large contingent from the working classes.

Publisher

University of California Press

Subject

History

Reference186 articles.

1. The writer would like to thank Lenore D. Hanks, Robert Peel, Lee Zeunert Johnson, Paul Stark Seeley, Elizabeth Boone Nunn, Abraham W. Hertzka, Lydia A. May, Juanita Morris, Virginia McCullough, Kenneth W. Porter, Edwin R. Bingham, Jack P. Maddex, Stanley P. Hirshson, Stephen R. Howard, Judith Hunneke, and Carolyn Petersenn

2. 1 The first edition by Mary Baker Eddy was entitled simply Science and Health (Boston, 1875). The present subtitle was added in the third edition (Boston, 1881).

3. Pacific Historical Review, Vol. 72, No. 2, pages 229-263. ISSN 0030-8684 c2003 by the Pacific Coast Branch, American Historical Association. All rights reserved. Send requests for permission to reprint to: Rights and Permissions, University of California Press, 2000 Center St., Ste. 303, Berkeley, CA 94704-1223.

4. 2 Stephen Gottschalk, The Emergence of Christian Science in American Religious Life (Berkeley, 1973), 278. The best general history of American religion is Edwin Scott Gaustad, A Religious History of America (1966; New York, 1990).

5. 3 The most scholarly biography of Eddy is the three-volume church-sponsored work. Robert Peel, Mary Baker Eddy: The Years of Discovery (New York, 1966), Peel, Mary Baker Eddy: The Years of Trial (New York, 1971), and Peel, Mary Baker Eddy: The Years of Authority (New York, 1977). Gillian Gill,Mary Baker Eddy (Reading, Mass., 1998) takes a strikingly different feminist perspective. On the movement, see Gottschalk, The Emergence of Christian Science; Thomas Christopher Johnsen, "Christian Science and the Puritan Tradition" (Ph.D. dissertation, Johns Hopkins University, 1983); Stuart E. Knee,Christian Science in the Age of Mary Baker Eddy, (Westport, Conn., 1994); Paul Eli Ivey, Prayers in Stone: Christian Science Architecture in the United States (Urbana, Ill., 1999); and Penny Hansen, "Woman's Hour: Feminist Implications of Mary Baker Eddy's Christian Science Movement, 1885-1910" (Ph.D. dissertation, University of California, Irvine, 1981). William B. Johnson, The History of the Christian Science Movement (2 vols., Brookline, Mass., 1926), a detailed, frank, first-person account, covers the period through the completion of the original edifice of The Mother Church in 1894.

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