Is Healthy Neuroticism Associated with Health Behaviors? A Coordinated Integrative Data Analysis

Author:

Graham Eileen K.1,Weston Sara J.2,Turiano Nicholas A.3,Aschwanden Damaris4,Booth Tom5,Harrison Fleur6,James Bryan D.7,Lewis Nathan A.8,Makkar Steven R.6,Mueller Swantje910,Wisniewski Kristi M.11,Yoneda Tomiko8,Zhaoyang Ruixue12,Spiro Avron1314,Willis Sherry15,Schaie K. Warner16,Sliwinski Martin12,Lipton Richard A.17,Katz Mindy J.17,Deary Ian J.5,Zelinski Elizabeth M.11,Bennett David A.7,Sachdev Perminder S.6,Brodaty Henry6,Trollor Julian N.618,Ames David19,Wright Margaret J.20,Gerstorf Denis10,Allemand Mathias21,Drewelies Johanna10,Wagner Gert G.22,Muniz-Terrera Graciela23,Piccinin Andrea M.8,Hofer Scott M.8,Mroczek Daniel K.124

Affiliation:

1. Northwestern University, Department of Medical Social Sciences, Chicago, IL, US

2. University of Oregon, Department of Psychology, Eugene, OR, US

3. West Virginia University, Department of Psychology and the West Virginia Prevention Research Center, Morgantown, WV, US

4. Florida State University, Department of Geriatrics, Tallahassee, FL, US

5. University of Edinburgh, Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology, Department of Psychology, Edinburgh, Scotland, UK

6. University of New South Wales, Centre for Healthy Brain Aging, Sydney NSW, AU

7. Rush Alzheimer’s Disease Center, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, US

8. University of Victoria, Department of Psychology, Victoria, BC, CA

9. University of Hamburg, Department of Psychology, Berlin, DE

10. Humboldt University, Department of Psychology, Berlin, DE

11. University of Southern California, Leonard Davis School of Gerontology, Los Angeles, CA

12. Pennsylvania State University, Center for Healthy Aging, State College, PA, US

13. VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA, US

14. Boston University, Boston, MA, US

15. University of Washington, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Seattle, WA, US

16. Pennsylvania State University, Department of Human Development and Psychology, State College, PA, US

17. Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, US

18. University of New South Wales, Department of Developmental Disability Neuropsychiatry, Sydney, NSW, AU

19. University of Melbourne Academic Unit for Psychiatry of Old Age and National Ageing Research Institute, Kew and Parkville, AU

20. University of Queensland, Queensland Brain Institute, AU

21. University of Zurich, Department of Psychology, Zurich, CH

22. Germany Institue for Economic Research, Berlin, DE

23. Univeristy of Edinburgh, Centre for Dementia Prevention, Edinburgh, UK

24. Northwestern University, Department of Psychology, Evanston, IL, US

Abstract

Current literature suggests that neuroticism is positively associated with maladaptive life choices, likelihood of disease, and mortality. However, recent research has identified circumstances under which neuroticism is associated with positive outcomes. The current project examined whether “healthy neuroticism”, defined as the interaction of neuroticism and conscientiousness, was associated with the following health behaviors: smoking, alcohol consumption, and physical activity. Using a pre-registered multi-study coordinated integrative data analysis (IDA) approach, we investigated whether “healthy neuroticism” predicted the odds of engaging in each of the aforementioned activities. Each study estimated identical models, using the same covariates and data transformations, enabling optimal comparability of results. These results were then meta-analyzed in order to estimate an average (N-weighted) effect and to ascertain the extent of heterogeneity in the effects. Overall, these results suggest that neuroticism alone was not related to health behaviors, while individuals higher in conscientiousness were less likely to be smokers or drinkers, and more likely to engage in physical activity. In terms of the healthy neuroticism interaction of neuroticism and conscientiousness, significant interactions for smoking and physical activity suggest that the association between neuroticism and health behaviors was smaller among those high in conscientiousness. These findings lend credence to the idea that healthy neuroticism may be linked to certain health behaviors and that these effects are generalizable across several heterogeneous samples.

Publisher

University of California Press

Subject

General Psychology

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