1. See David Cantor, Bonnie Fisher, Susan Chibnall, Reanne Townsend, Hyunshik Lee, Carol Bruce, and Gail Thomas, “Report on the AAU Campus Survey on Sexual Assault and Sexual Misconduct,” Association of American Universities website, September 21, 2015, https://www.aau.edu/sites/default/files/%40%20Files/Climate%20Survey/AAU_Campus_Climate_Survey_12_14_15.pdf, viii.
2. Dick, Hunting Ground; Jackson, It Happened Here; Tyler Kingkade, “124 Colleges, 40 School Districts under Investigation for Handling of Sexual Assault,” Huffington Post, July 24, 2015, updated February 2, 2017, http://www.huffingtonpost.com/entry/schools-investigation-sexual-assault_us_55b19b43e4b0074ba5a40b77. See also Nick Anderson, “Schools Facing Investigations on Sexual Violence: Now More Than 100,” Washington Post, March 4, 2015, https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/grade-point/wp/2015/03/04/schools-facing-investigations-on-sexual-violence-now-more-than-100/?utm_term=.a6c1f4f3ef1c.
3. As Kate Harding recently pointed out, while anyone can be raped, women are “the primary targets of the messages and myths that sustain rape culture. We're the ones asked to change our behavior, limit our movements, and take full responsibility for the prevention of sexual violence in society”: Harding, Asking For It, 5. For the shocking statistics on sexual violence against transgender people, 50 percent of whom are sexually abused or assaulted at some point in their lives, see “Responding to Transgender Victims of Sexual Assault,” US Department of Justice, Office for Victims of Crime website, June 2014, https://www.ovc.gov/pubs/forge/sexual_numbers.html. For sexual violence against LGBTQ people, see “NISVS: An Overview of 2010 Findings on Victimization by Sexual Orientation,” Centers for Disease Control website, National Center for Injury Prevention and Control, Division of Violence Prevention, 2010, https://www.cdc.gov/violenceprevention/pdf/cdc_nisvs_victimization_final-a.pdf.
4. In Women, Race and Class (1981) Angela Davis described Brownmiller's study as “impressive” yet not without its shortcomings, noting that “many of [Brownmiller's] arguments” were “pervaded with racist ideas.” Most damaging was her “resuscitation of the old racist myth of the Black rapist” (179). Brownmiller was also critiqued in hooks, Ain't I a Woman.
5. Brownmiller, Against Our Will, 15.