The Figure of Enigma: Rhetoric, History, Poetry

Author:

Cook Eleanor

Abstract

On enigma as a rhetorical figure: a brief history in the rhetoricians, encyclopedists, and patristic commentators from Aristotle to Dante's time, with a rhetorical analysis of the figure. Special attention is given to Augustine in the De trinitate XV on St. Paul's well-known "in aenigmate" (I Cor.13:12). Some implications of Augustine's linking of the figurative and the figural (typological, historical) are considered, with a re-examination of Auerbach's "Figura" on this question. The importance for our own reading of rhetoric in relation to history and poetry is stressed.

Publisher

University of California Press

Subject

Linguistics and Language,Language and Linguistics

Reference86 articles.

1. 1 Biblia Sacra iuxta Vulgatem Clementiam, 6th edn (Madrid: Biblioteca de Autores Cristianos, 1982).Unless noted, all quotations from the Latin Bible are from this edition. Unless noted, all quotations from the English Bible are from the Authorized (King James) Version of the Bible (1611), hereafter AV.

2. 2"The meaning of this addition [in aenigmate] is unknown to any who are unacquainted with the books that contain the doctrine of those modes of speech which the Greeks call Tropes, which Greek word we also use in Latin." Quotations from Augustine's De trinitate are from the edition by W. J. Mountain, Corpus Christianorum, Series Latina, vol. 50A (Turnhout: Brepols, 1968). English translation of De trinitate is from A Select Library of the Nicene and Post-Nicene Fathers, ed. Philip Schaff (Edinburgh: T & T Clark, 1887), vol. III, On the Trinity, trans. Arthur West Haddan, rev. William G. T. Shedd.

3. 3 Robert Lamberton, Homer the Theologian: Neoplatonist Allegorical Reading and the Growth of the Epic Tradition (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1986) p. 270.

4. 4 On Tarsus as a centre for rhetoric, see W. Rhys Roberts, Aristotle, The Poetics; "Longinus", On the Sublime; Demetrius, On Style, Loeb Classical Library (London: Heinemann, 1932), "Introduction to Demetrius", pp. 278-80. Roberts mentions, for example, the rhetoricians Archedemus of Tarsus (130 B.C.) and Hermogenes of Tarsus (70 A.D.). On Paul's rhetoric, see in note 7 below Hans Dieter Betz and others.

5. 5 Lamberton, Homer the Theologian, p. 287.The reference is to Peter Dronke's Fabula: Explorations into the Uses of Myth in Medieval Platonism, Mittellateinische Studien und Texte, vol. 9 (Leiden: E. J. Brill, 1974) pp. 4, 44-7.

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