Overview of the MOSAiC expedition: Snow and sea ice-Reference-Cited by-同舟云学术

Overview of the MOSAiC expedition: Snow and sea ice

Published:2022 Issue:1 Volume:10 Page:
ISSN:2325-1026
Container-title:Elementa: Science of the Anthropocene
language:en
Short-container-title:

Author:

Nicolaus Marcel¹^ORCID,Perovich Donald K.²^ORCID,Spreen Gunnar³^ORCID,Granskog Mats A.⁴^ORCID,von Albedyll Luisa¹^ORCID,Angelopoulos Michael⁵,Anhaus Philipp¹^ORCID,Arndt Stefanie¹^ORCID,Belter H. Jakob¹^ORCID,Bessonov Vladimir⁶,Birnbaum Gerit¹^ORCID,Brauchle Jörg⁷^ORCID,Calmer Radiance⁸,Cardellach Estel⁹^ORCID,Cheng Bin¹⁰^ORCID,Clemens-Sewall David²^ORCID,Dadic Ruzica¹¹^ORCID,Damm Ellen¹,de Boer Gijs⁸¹²¹³^ORCID,Demir Oguz¹⁴^ORCID,Dethloff Klaus⁵,Divine Dmitry V.⁴^ORCID,Fong Allison A.¹^ORCID,Fons Steven¹⁵¹⁶^ORCID,Frey Markus M.¹⁷^ORCID,Fuchs Niels¹¹⁸^ORCID,Gabarró Carolina¹⁹^ORCID,Gerland Sebastian⁴^ORCID,Goessling Helge F.¹^ORCID,Gradinger Rolf²⁰^ORCID,Haapala Jari¹⁰^ORCID,Haas Christian¹³^ORCID,Hamilton Jonathan⁸¹³^ORCID,Hannula Henna-Reetta¹⁰^ORCID,Hendricks Stefan¹^ORCID,Herber Andreas¹,Heuzé Céline²¹^ORCID,Hoppmann Mario¹,Høyland Knut Vilhelm²²,Huntemann Marcus³^ORCID,Hutchings Jennifer K.²³,Hwang Byongjun²⁴^ORCID,Itkin Polona²⁰²⁵^ORCID,Jacobi Hans-Werner²⁶^ORCID,Jaggi Matthias²⁷^ORCID,Jutila Arttu¹^ORCID,Kaleschke Lars¹^ORCID,Katlein Christian¹^ORCID,Kolabutin Nikolai⁶^ORCID,Krampe Daniela¹^ORCID,Kristensen Steen Savstrup²⁸^ORCID,Krumpen Thomas¹^ORCID,Kurtz Nathan¹⁵^ORCID,Lampert Astrid²⁹^ORCID,Lange Benjamin Allen⁴^ORCID,Lei Ruibo³⁰^ORCID,Light Bonnie³¹^ORCID,Linhardt Felix³²^ORCID,Liston Glen E.²⁵^ORCID,Loose Brice³³,Macfarlane Amy R.²⁷^ORCID,Mahmud Mallik³⁴^ORCID,Matero Ilkka O.¹^ORCID,Maus Sönke²²,Morgenstern Anne¹^ORCID,Naderpour Reza³⁵^ORCID,Nandan Vishnu³⁶^ORCID,Niubom Alexey⁶,Oggier Marc⁴³⁷^ORCID,Oppelt Natascha³²^ORCID,Pätzold Falk²⁹^ORCID,Perron Christophe³⁸,Petrovsky Tomasz⁶,Pirazzini Roberta¹⁰^ORCID,Polashenski Chris²³⁹^ORCID,Rabe Benjamin¹^ORCID,Raphael Ian A.²^ORCID,Regnery Julia¹^ORCID,Rex Markus⁵^ORCID,Ricker Robert¹^ORCID,Riemann-Campe Kathrin¹^ORCID,Rinke Annette⁵^ORCID,Rohde Jan¹,Salganik Evgenii²²^ORCID,Scharien Randall K.⁴⁰^ORCID,Schiller Martin¹^ORCID,Schneebeli Martin²⁷^ORCID,Semmling Maximilian⁴¹,Shimanchuk Egor⁶,Shupe Matthew D.⁸¹³^ORCID,Smith Madison M.³¹^ORCID,Smolyanitsky Vasily⁶,Sokolov Vladimir⁶^ORCID,Stanton Tim⁴²,Stroeve Julienne³⁶^ORCID,Thielke Linda³^ORCID,Timofeeva Anna⁶^ORCID,Tonboe Rasmus Tage⁴³^ORCID,Tavri Aikaterini⁴⁰^ORCID,Tsamados Michel⁴⁴^ORCID,Wagner David N.²⁷⁴⁵^ORCID,Watkins Daniel²³^ORCID,Webster Melinda³⁷^ORCID,Wendisch Manfred⁴⁶^ORCID

Affiliation:

1. Alfred-Wegener-Institut Helmholtz-Zentrum für Polar- und Meeresforschung, Bremerhaven, Germany

2. Thayer School of Engineering, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH, USA

3. University of Bremen, Bremen, Germany

4. Norwegian Polar Institute, Fram Centre, Tromsø, Norway

5. Alfred-Wegener-Institut Helmholtz-Zentrum für Polar- und Meeresforschung, Potsdam, Germany

6. Arctic and Antarctic Research Institute, Saint Petersburg, Russia

7. German Aerospace Center (DLR), Institute of Optical Sensor Systems, Berlin, Germany

8. CIRES, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA

9. Instituto de Ciencias del Espacio (ICE-CSIC/IEEC), Barcelona, Spain

10. Finnish Meteorological Institute, Helsinki, Finland

11. Victoria University of Wellington, Antarctic Research Centre, Wellington, New Zealand

12. Integrated Remote and In Situ Sampling, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA

13. NOAA Physical Sciences Laboratory, Boulder, CO, USA

14. The Electro Science Laboratory, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA

15. NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD, USA

16. University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA

17. British Antarctic Survey, Natural Environment Research Council, Cambridge, UK

18. Center for Earth System Sustainability, Institute of Oceanography, Universität Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany

19. Barcelona Expert Center (BEC) and Institute of Marine Science (ICM-CSIC), Barcelona, Spain

20. UiT–The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway

21. Department of Earth Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden

22. Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway

23. Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, USA

24. University of Huddersfield, Huddersfield, UK

25. Cooperative Institute for Research in the Atmosphere, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA

26. Institute for Geosciences and Environmental Research (IGE), CNRS/Univ. Grenoble Alpes/IRD/G-INP, Grenoble, France

27. WSL Institute for Snow and Avalanche Research SLF, Davos, Switzerland

28. Technical University of Denmark (DTU), Kongens Lyngby, Denmark

29. Technische Universität Braunschweig, Institute of Flight Guidance, Braunschweig, Germany

30. Key Laboratory for Polar Science of the MNR, Polar Research Institute of China, Shanghai, China

31. Polar Science Center, Applied Physics Lab, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA

32. Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel, Institut für Geographie, Kiel, Germany

33. The University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI, USA

34. University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada

35. Eidg. Forschungsanstalt für Wald, Schnee und Landschaft, Birmensdorf, Switzerland

36. University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada

37. University of Alaska Fairbanks, Fairbanks, AK, USA

38. Takuvik Joint International Laboratory, Laval University (Canada)-CNRS (France), Québec City, Québec, Canada

39. U.S. Army Cold Regions Research & Engineering Laboratory, Wainwright, AK, USA

40. University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, Canada

41. German Aerospace Center DLR, Institute for Solar-Terrestrial Physics, Neustrelitz, Germany

42. Naval Postgraduate School and Moss Landing Marine Laboratories, Moss Landing, CA, USA

43. National Space Institute, Lyngby, Denmark

44. University College London, London, UK

45. École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland

46. Leipzig Institute for Meteorology, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany

Abstract

Year-round observations of the physical snow and ice properties and processes that govern the ice pack evolution and its interaction with the atmosphere and the ocean were conducted during the Multidisciplinary drifting Observatory for the Study of Arctic Climate (MOSAiC) expedition of the research vessel Polarstern in the Arctic Ocean from October 2019 to September 2020. This work was embedded into the interdisciplinary design of the 5 MOSAiC teams, studying the atmosphere, the sea ice, the ocean, the ecosystem, and biogeochemical processes. The overall aim of the snow and sea ice observations during MOSAiC was to characterize the physical properties of the snow and ice cover comprehensively in the central Arctic over an entire annual cycle. This objective was achieved by detailed observations of physical properties and of energy and mass balance of snow and ice. By studying snow and sea ice dynamics over nested spatial scales from centimeters to tens of kilometers, the variability across scales can be considered. On-ice observations of in situ and remote sensing properties of the different surface types over all seasons will help to improve numerical process and climate models and to establish and validate novel satellite remote sensing methods; the linkages to accompanying airborne measurements, satellite observations, and results of numerical models are discussed. We found large spatial variabilities of snow metamorphism and thermal regimes impacting sea ice growth. We conclude that the highly variable snow cover needs to be considered in more detail (in observations, remote sensing, and models) to better understand snow-related feedback processes. The ice pack revealed rapid transformations and motions along the drift in all seasons. The number of coupled ice–ocean interface processes observed in detail are expected to guide upcoming research with respect to the changing Arctic sea ice.

Publisher

University of California Press

Subject

Atmospheric Science,Geology,Geotechnical Engineering and Engineering Geology,Ecology,Environmental Engineering,Oceanography

Link

https://online.ucpress.edu/elementa/article-pdf/doi/10.1525/elementa.2021.000046/496065/elementa.2021.000046.pdf

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