Fungal community and functional responses to soil warming are greater than for soil nitrogen enrichment
Author:
Anthony M. A.12, Knorr M.1, Moore J. A. M.13, Simpson M.45, Frey S. D.1
Affiliation:
1. Department of Natural Resources and the Environment, University of New Hampshire, Durham, NH, USA 2. Department of Earth Systems Sciences, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland 3. Biosciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, USA 4. Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada 5. Department of Physical and Environmental Sciences and Environmental NMR Centre, University of Toronto Scarborough, Toronto, Canada
Abstract
Soil fungi are key regulators of forest carbon cycling and their responses to global change have effects that ripple throughout ecosystems. Global changes are expected to push many fungi beyond their environmental niches, but there are relatively few studies involving multiple, simultaneous global change factors. Here, we studied soil fungal diversity, community composition, co-occurrence patterns, and decomposition gene responses to 10 years of soil warming and nitrogen addition, alone and in combination. We specifically examined whether there were fungal community characteristics that could explain changes in soil carbon storage and organic matter chemistry in chronically warmed and fertilized soil. We found that fungal communities in warmed soils are less diverse and shift in composition. Warming also favored hyperdominance by a few mycorrhizal fungal species and lowered manganese peroxidase but increased hydrolytic enzyme encoding gene potentials. Nitrogen addition did not significantly affect fungal community composition but, like warming, did reduce fungal diversity and favored overdominance by a unique set of mycorrhizal taxa. Warming alone and in combination with nitrogen addition also reduced negative but increased positive fungal co-occurrence probabilities, promoting species coexistence. Negative fungal co-occurrence was positively correlated to soil carbon content, while the proportion of fungal hydrolytic enzyme encoding genes was negatively correlated with soil carbon content. This may reflect fungal life history trade-offs between competition (e.g., reduced negative co-occurrence) and resource acquisition (e.g., higher abundance of hydrolytic enzyme encoding genes) with implications for carbon storage.
Publisher
University of California Press
Subject
Atmospheric Science,Geology,Geotechnical Engineering and Engineering Geology,Ecology,Environmental Engineering,Oceanography
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