Characteristics and sources of fluorescent aerosols in the central Arctic Ocean
Author:
Beck Ivo1ORCID, Moallemi Alireza1, Heutte Benjamin1, Pernov Jakob Boyd1, Bergner Nora1, Rolo Margarida1, Quéléver Lauriane L. J.2, Laurila Tiia2, Boyer Matthew2, Jokinen Tuija23, Angot Hélène14, Hoppe Clara J. M.5, Müller Oliver6, Creamean Jessie7, Frey Markus M.8, Freitas Gabriel910, Zinke Julika910, Salter Matt910, Zieger Paul910, Mirrielees Jessica A.11, Kempf Hailey E.11, Ault Andrew P.11, Pratt Kerri A.1112, Gysel-Beer Martin13, Henning Silvia14, Tatzelt Christian14, Schmale Julia1
Affiliation:
1. 1Extreme Environments Research Laboratory, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Sion, Switzerland 2. 2Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland 3. 3Climate & Atmosphere Research Centre (CARE-C), The Cyprus Institute, Nicosia, Cyprus 4. 4Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, INRAE, IRD, Grenoble INP, IGE, Grenoble, France 5. 5Marine Biogeosciences, Alfred Wegener Institute—Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research, Bremerhaven, Germany 6. 6Department of Biological Sciences, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway 7. 7Department of Atmospheric Science, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA 8. 8British Antarctic Survey—Natural Environment Research Council, Cambridge, UK 9. 9Department of Environmental Science, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden 10. 10Bolin Centre for Climate Research, Stockholm, Sweden 11. 11Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA 12. 12Department of Earth & Environmental Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA 13. 13Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry, Paul Scherrer Institute, Villigen PSI, Switzerland 14. 14Leibniz Institute for Tropospheric Research, Leipzig, Germany
Abstract
The Arctic is sensitive to cloud radiative forcing. Due to the limited number of aerosols present throughout much of the year, cloud formation is susceptible to the presence of cloud condensation nuclei and ice nucleating particles (INPs). Primary biological aerosol particles (PBAP) contribute to INPs and can impact cloud phase, lifetime, and radiative properties. We present yearlong observations of hyperfluorescent aerosols (HFA), tracers for PBAP, conducted with a Wideband Integrated Bioaerosol Sensor, New Electronics Option during the Multidisciplinary drifting Observatory for the Study of Arctic Climate (MOSAiC) expedition (October 2019–September 2020) in the central Arctic. We investigate the influence of potential anthropogenic and natural sources on the characteristics of the HFA and relate our measurements to INP observations during MOSAiC. Anthropogenic sources influenced HFA during the Arctic haze period. But surprisingly, we also found sporadic “bursts” of HFA with the characteristics of PBAP during this time, albeit with unclear origin. The characteristics of HFA between May and August 2020 and in October 2019 indicate a strong contribution of PBAP to HFA. Notably from May to August, PBAP coincided with the presence of INPs nucleating at elevated temperatures, that is, >−9°C, suggesting that HFA contributed to the “warm INP” concentration. The air mass residence time and area between May and August and in October were dominated by the open ocean and sea ice, pointing toward PBAP sources from within the Arctic Ocean. As the central Arctic changes drastically due to climate warming with expected implications on aerosol–cloud interactions, we recommend targeted observations of PBAP that reveal their nature (e.g., bacteria, diatoms, fungal spores) in the atmosphere and in relevant surface sources, such as the sea ice, snow on sea ice, melt ponds, leads, and open water, to gain further insights into the relevant source processes and how they might change in the future.
Publisher
University of California Press
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