Relationships between summertime surface albedo and melt pond fraction in the central Arctic Ocean: The aggregate scale of albedo obtained on the MOSAiC floe
Author:
Calmer Radiance12ORCID, de Boer Gijs123, Hamilton Jonathan13, Lawrence Dale4, Webster Melinda A.56, Wright Nicholas7, Shupe Matthew D.13, Cox Christopher J.3, Cassano John J.189
Affiliation:
1. 1Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA 2. 2Integrated Remote and In Situ Sensing (IRISS), University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA 3. 3NOAA Physical Sciences Laboratory, Boulder, CO, USA 4. 4Smead Aerospace Engineering Sciences, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA 5. 5Geophysical Institute of the University of Alaska Fairbanks, AK, USA 6. 6Polar Science Center, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA 7. 7U.S. Army Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratories, Hanover, NH, USA 8. 8National Snow and Ice Data Center, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA 9. 9Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA
Abstract
As part of the Multidisciplinary drifting Observatory for the Study of Arctic Climate (MOSAiC), the HELiX uncrewed aircraft system (UAS) was deployed over the sea ice in the central Arctic Ocean during summer 2020. Albedo measurements were obtained with stabilized pyranometers, and melt pond fraction was calculated from orthomosaic imagery from a surface-imaging multispectral camera. This study analyzed HELiX flight data to provide insights on the temporal and spatial evolution of albedo and melt pond fraction of the MOSAiC floe during the melt season as it drifted south through Fram Strait. The surface albedo distributions showed peak values changing from high albedo (0.55–0.6) to lower values (0.3) as the season advanced. Inspired by methods developed for satellite data, an algorithm was established to retrieve melt pond fraction from the orthomosaic images. We demonstrate that the near-surface observations of melt pond fraction were highly dependent on sample area, offering insight into the influence of subgrid scale features and spatial heterogeneity in satellite observations. Vertical observations conducted with the HELiX were used to quantify the influence of melt pond scales on observed surface albedo as a function of sensor footprint. These scaling results were used to link surface-based measurements collected during MOSAiC to broader-scale satellite data to investigate the influence of surface features on observed albedo. Albedo values blend underlying features within the sensor footprint, as determined by the melt pond size and concentration. This study framed the downscaling (upscaling) problem related to the airborne (surface) observations of surface albedo across a variety of spatial scales.
Publisher
University of California Press
Subject
Atmospheric Science,Geology,Geotechnical Engineering and Engineering Geology,Ecology,Environmental Engineering,Oceanography
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