The state of agroecology in Brazil: An indicator-based approach to identifying municipal “bright spots”

Author:

James Dana12ORCID,Blesh Jennifer3,Levers Christian145,Ramankutty Navin15,Bicksler Abram J.67,Mottet Anne68,Wittman Hannah12

Affiliation:

1. 1Institute for Resources, Environment and Sustainability, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada

2. 2Centre for Sustainable Food Systems, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada

3. 3School for Environment and Sustainability, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA

4. 4Department of Environmental Geography, Institute for Environmental Studies (IVM), Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands

5. 5School of Public Policy and Global Affairs, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada

6. 6Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Rome, Italy

7. 7Current address: ECHO International, North Fort Myers, FL, USA

8. 8Current address: International Fund for Agricultural Development, Rome, Italy

Abstract

Agroecology is increasingly recognized as a pathway for agricultural transformation that can mitigate environmental harms and improve social equity. Yet, the lack of broad-scale assessments that track agroecological indicators in distinct contexts has been identified as a challenge to scaling agroecology out and up. Here, we identify and assess indicators of agroecology based on the Food and Agriculture Organization’s 10 Elements of Agroecology and Tool for Agroecology Performance Evaluation. We created an agroecological index representing the status of agroecological practices and outcomes on farms in Brazil and mapped the results at the municipal level (the smallest autonomous administrative territorial unit in Brazil) using data from the 2017 agricultural census. We found that the extent of agroecological practice across Brazil’s 26 states exhibited strong spatial variability. Within states with low average levels of agroecological practice, we identified “bright spots” of agroecology, or municipalities that performed better than their state average. Bright spot analyses may provide insights on how other municipalities could improve their agroecological status, as well as illustrate potential factors inhibiting agroecological transitions elsewhere. Based on the analysis of local contexts through a literature review, we found that bright spots corresponded to areas with highly visible activities of grassroots farmer networks and nongovernmental organizations, access to public policies and programs, proximity to urban markets, and maintenance of traditional agricultural practices. This suggests that additional institutional investment and support should be directed toward strengthening these enabling factors for agroecology.

Publisher

University of California Press

Subject

Atmospheric Science,Geology,Geotechnical Engineering and Engineering Geology,Ecology,Environmental Engineering,Oceanography

Reference122 articles.

1. Agroecology and the design of climate change-resilient farming systems;Agronomy for Sustainable Development,2015

2. Space-time dynamics of deforestation in Brazilian Amazǒnia;International Journal of Remote Sensing,2002

3. Articulação Nacional de Agroecologia. 2020. Agreoecologia em rede: ICMS ecológico. Available athttps://agroecologiaemrede.org.br/experiencia_leg-page/?id=7acc05d5-d741-4e7e-9230-2732d0002be0. Accessed November 22, 2021.

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