Tropospheric Ozone Assessment Report: Database and metrics data of global surface ozone observations

Author:

Schultz Martin G.12ORCID,Schröder Sabine1,Lyapina Olga1,Cooper Owen R.34,Galbally Ian5,Petropavlovskikh Irina34,von Schneidemesser Erika6,Tanimoto Hiroshi7,Elshorbany Yasin89,Naja Manish10,Seguel Rodrigo J.11,Dauert Ute12,Eckhardt Paul13,Feigenspan Stefan12,Fiebig Markus13,Hjellbrekke Anne-Gunn13,Hong You-Deog14,Kjeld Peter Christian15,Koide Hiroshi16,Lear Gary17,Tarasick David18,Ueno Mikio16,Wallasch Markus19,Baumgardner Darrel20,Chuang Ming-Tung21,Gillett Robert5,Lee Meehye22,Molloy Suzie5,Moolla Raeesa23,Wang Tao24,Sharps Katrina25,Adame Jose A.26,Ancellet Gerard27,Apadula Francesco28,Artaxo Paulo29,Barlasina Maria E.30,Bogucka Magdalena31,Bonasoni Paolo32,Chang Limseok33,Colomb Aurelie34,Cuevas-Agulló Emilio35,Cupeiro Manuel36,Degorska Anna37,Ding Aijun38,Fröhlich Marina39,Frolova Marina40,Gadhavi Harish41,Gheusi Francois42,Gilge Stefan4344,Gonzalez Margarita Y.45,Gros Valerie46,Hamad Samera H.47,Helmig Detlev48,Henriques Diamantino49,Hermansen Ove13,Holla Robert43,Hueber Jacques48,Im Ulas50,Jaffe Daniel A.51,Komala Ninong52,Kubistin Dagmar43,Lam Ka-Se24,Laurila Tuomas53,Lee Haeyoung54,Levy Ilan55,Mazzoleni Claudio56,Mazzoleni Lynn R.56,McClure-Begley Audra34,Mohamad Maznorizan57,Murovec Marijana58,Navarro-Comas Monica45,Nicodim Florin59,Parrish David34,Read Katie A.60,Reid Nick61,Ries Ludwig62,Saxena Pallavi63,Schwab James J.64,Scorgie Yvonne65,Senik Irina66,Simmonds Peter67,Sinha Vinayak68,Skorokhod Andrey I.69,Spain Gerard70,Spangl Wolfgang39,Spoor Ronald71,Springston Stephen R.72,Steer Kelvyn73,Steinbacher Martin74,Suharguniyawan Eka75,Torre Paul76,Trickl Thomas77,Weili Lin78,Weller Rolf79,Xiaobin Xu80,Xue Likun81,Zhiqiang Ma82

Affiliation:

1. Institute for Energy and Climate Research (IEK-8), Forschungszentrum Jülich, Jülich, DE

2. Jülich Supercomputing Centre (JSC), Forschungszentrum Jülich, Jülich, DE

3. Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences (CIRES), University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, US

4. NOAA Earth System Research Laboratory, Boulder, CO, US

5. CSIRO Climate Science Centre, Aspendale, Victoria, AU

6. Institute for Advanced Sustainability Studies, Potsdam, DE

7. National Institute for Environmental Studies, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8506, JP

8. NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD, US

9. Earth System Science Interdisciplinary Center, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, US

10. Aryabhatta Research Institute of Observational Sciences, Nainital, IN

11. Environmental Department, SAGU, Santiago, CL

12. Unit II 4.2, Air Quality Assessment, German Environment Agency/Umweltbundesamt, Dessau-Roßlau, DE

13. Norwegian Institute for Air Research (NILU), Kjeller, NO

14. Air Quality Research Division, National Institute of Environmental Research, Incheon, Republic of Korea, KR

15. European Environment Agency, Copenhagen, DK

16. Japan Meteorological Agency (JMA), Tokyo, JP

17. Office of Air and Radiation (OAR) – Office of Atmospheric Programs (OAP), U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC, US

18. Air Quality Processes Research Section, Air Quality Research Division/Science and Technology Branch, Environment and Climate Change Canada, Toronto, CA

19. German Environment Agency/Umweltbundesamt, Langen, DE

20. Centro de Ciencias de la Atmosfera, Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico (Retired), Mexico City, MX

21. Graduate Institute of Energy Engineering, National Central University, Taoyuan city, TW

22. Dept. of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Korea University, Sungbuk-gu, Seoul, South Korea, KR

23. School of Geography, Archaeology and Environmental Studies, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, ZA

24. Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Hong Kong, CN

25. Centre for Ecology and Hydrology, Environment Centre Wales, Bangor, Gwynedd, UK

26. Atmospheric Research and Instrumentation Branch, National Institute for Aerospace Technology (INTA), Ctra. Huelva – Matalascañas, Mazagón, Huelva, ES

27. CNRS/INSU, Sorbonne Université, UPMC, Université Versailles St-Quentin, LATMOS, Paris, FR

28. Ricerca sul Sistema Energetico – RSE S.p.A., 20134 Milano, IT

29. Institute of Physics, University of Sao Paulo. Rua do Matao 1371, CEP 05508-090, Sao Paulo, S.P., BR

30. National Meteorological Service, Buenos Aires Main Observatory, Buenos Aires, AR

31. Institute of Meteorology and Water Management – National Research Institute IMWM-NRI Gdynia Maritime Branch, Centre for Oceanography and Monitoring of Hydrosphere and Atmosphere, Warszawa, PL

32. National Research Council, Institute of Atmospheric Sciences and Climate, Bologna, IT

33. National Institute of Environmental Research, Incheon, Republic of Korea, KR

34. Université Clermont Auvergne, CNRS, LaMP, F-63000 Clermont–Ferrand, FR

35. Izana Atmospheric Research Center, State Meteorological Agency of Spain (AEMET), Santa Cruz de Tenerife, ES

36. Servicio Meteorológico Nacional, Ushuaia, Tierra del Fuego, AR

37. Institute of Environmental Protection – National Research Institute, Warsaw, PL

38. Joint International Research Laboratory of Atmospheric and Earth System Sciences, School of Atmospheric Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, CN

39. Umweltbundesamt/Federal Environment Agency Austria, Vienna, AT

40. Latvian Environment Geology and Meteorology Centre, Riga, LV

41. National Atmospheric Research Laboratory, Gadanki, IN

42. Laboratoire d’Aérologie, University of Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, Toulouse, FR

43. Meteorological Observatory Hohenpeissenberg, German Meteorological Service (DWD), Hohenpeissenberg, DE

44. German Meteorological Service (DWD), Research Center Human Biometeorology, Freiburg, DE

45. Atmospheric Research and Instrumentation Branch, National Institute for Aerospace Technology (INTA), Madrid, ES

46. LSCE, Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l’Environnement, CEA-CNRS-UVSQ, IPSL, Gif-sur-Yvette, FR

47. School of Public Health, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, US

48. Institute of Arctic and Alpine Research (INSTAAR), University of Colorado, CO, US

49. Regional Delegation of Azores, Portuguese Institute for Sea and Atmosphere (IPMA), Ponta Delgada, Azores, PT

50. Department of Environmental Science, Aarhus University, 4000 Roskilde, DK

51. School of Science, Technology, Engineering and Math, University of Washington-Bothell, Bothell, WA, US

52. National institute of Aeronautics and Space, Jl., Bandung 40173, ID

53. Finnish Meteorological Institute, Helsinki, FI

54. National Institute of Meteorological Sciences, Korea Meteorological Administration, Jeju, Republic of Korea, KR

55. Air Quality and Climate Change Division, Ministry of Environmental Protection, Jerusalem, IL

56. Atmospheric Science Program, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, MI, US

57. Malaysian Meteorological Department, Jalan Sultan, Petaling Jaya, MY

58. Slovenian Environment Agency, Ljubljana, SI

59. Administratia Nationala de Meteorologie, Sos Bucuresti-Ploiesti 97, RO

60. National Centre for Atmospheric Science (NCAS), Department of Chemistry, University of York, Heslington, York, YO10 5DD, UK

61. Auckland Council, Auckland, NZ

62. German Environment Agency, GAW Global Observatory Zugspitze/Hohenpeissenberg, Zugspitze, DE

63. School of Environmental Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi – 110067, IN

64. Atmospheric Sciences Research Center, State University of New York at Albany, Albany, NY, US

65. Office of Environment and Heritage, Sydney, New South Wales, AU

66. Kislovodsk High Mountain Scientific Station of A. M. Obukhov Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, RU

67. School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Bristol, GB

68. Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Mohali, Manauli PO, Punjab, IN

69. A.M. Obukhov Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, RU

70. National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, GB

71. National Institute of Public Health and the Environment, Bilthoven, NL

72. Environmental and Climate Sciences Dept., Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY, US

73. South Australia Environment Protection Authority, Adelaide, South Australia, AU

74. Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology (Empa), Dübendorf, CH

75. Indonesian Agency for Meteorological Climatological and Geophysics, Jakarta, ID

76. Environment Protection Authority Victoria, Melbourne, Victoria, AU

77. Karlsruher Institut für Technologie, Institut für Meteorologie und Klimaforschung, Atmosphärische Umweltforschung (IMK-IFU), Garmisch-Partenkirchen, DE

78. Meteorological Observation Center, China Meteorological Administration, Beijing, CN

79. Alfred Wegener Institute for Polar and Marine Research, Bremerhaven, DE

80. Key Laboratory for Atmospheric Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences, China Meteorological Administration, Beijing, CN

81. Environment Research Institute, Shandong University, Ji’nan, Shandong, CN

82. Institute of Urban Meteorology, China Meteorological Administration, Beijing, CN

Abstract

In support of the first Tropospheric Ozone Assessment Report (TOAR) a relational database of global surface ozone observations has been developed and populated with hourly measurement data and enhanced metadata. A comprehensive suite of ozone data products including standard statistics, health and vegetation impact metrics, and trend information, are made available through a common data portal and a web interface. These data form the basis of the TOAR analyses focusing on human health, vegetation, and climate relevant ozone issues, which are part of this special feature. Cooperation among many data centers and individual researchers worldwide made it possible to build the world’s largest collection of in-situ hourly surface ozone data covering the period from 1970 to 2015. By combining the data from almost 10,000 measurement sites around the world with global metadata information, new analyses of surface ozone have become possible, such as the first globally consistent characterisations of measurement sites as either urban or rural/remote. Exploitation of these global metadata allows for new insights into the global distribution, and seasonal and long-term changes of tropospheric ozone and they enable TOAR to perform the first, globally consistent analysis of present-day ozone concentrations and recent ozone changes with relevance to health, agriculture, and climate. Considerable effort was made to harmonize and synthesize data formats and metadata information from various networks and individual data submissions. Extensive quality control was applied to identify questionable and erroneous data, including changes in apparent instrument offsets or calibrations. Such data were excluded from TOAR data products. Limitations of a posteriori data quality assurance are discussed. As a result of the work presented here, global coverage of surface ozone data for scientific analysis has been significantly extended. Yet, large gaps remain in the surface observation network both in terms of regions without monitoring, and in terms of regions that have monitoring programs but no public access to the data archive. Therefore future improvements to the database will require not only improved data harmonization, but also expanded data sharing and increased monitoring in data-sparse regions.

Publisher

University of California Press

Subject

Atmospheric Science,Geology,Geotechnical Engineering and Engineering Geology,Ecology,Environmental Engineering,Oceanography

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