1. Melvyn C. Goldstein is the John Reynolds Harkness Professor in Anthropology and Co-Director of the Center for Research on Tibet at Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, U.S.A. Ben Jiao is a research scientist at the Tibet Academy of Social Sciences in Lhasa, Tibet. Cynthia M. Beall is the S. Idell Pyle Professor of Anthropology and Co-Director of the Center for Research on Tibet at Case Western Reserve University. Phuntsog Tsering is the former president of the Tibet Academy of Social Sciences. The authors wish to thank the Henry Luce Foundation and the Tibet Academy of Social Sciences for their support of the research.
2. Asian Survey, 43:5, pp. 758-779. ISSN: 0004-4687 R ??? 2003 by The Regents of the University of California. All rights reserved. Send Requests for Permission to Reprint to: Rights and Permissions, University of California Press, Journals Division, 2000 Center St., Ste. 303, Berkeley, CA 94704-1223.
3. 1 Tibet here refers to the Tibet Autonomous Region (TAR) of the People's Republic of China, not to the ethnic Tibetan areas in Sichuan, Gansu, Qinghai, and Yunnan Provincess See
4. for a discussion of the reasons for this distinction.