1. Guobin Yang is Assistant Professor in the Department of Sociology, University of Hawaii at Manoa. The author would like to thank the anonymous reviewers of Asian Survey for helpful comments and suggestions. Email: .
2. Asian Survey, 43:3, pp. 405-422. ISSN: 0004-4687 c 2003 by The Regents of the University of California. All rights reserved. Send Requests for Permission to Reprint to: Rights and Permissions, University of California Press, Journals Division, 2000 Center St., Ste. 303, Berkeley, CA 94704-1223.
3. 1 I borrowed the idea of co-evolution from Jonathan Bach and David Stark, "Link, Search, Interact: The Co-evolution of NGOs and Interactive Technology." Working paper of the Social Science Research Council Program on Information Technology, International Cooperation and Global Security, , accessed February 23, 2002.
4. 2 On the "neutral" nature of civil society, see Gordon White, Jude Howell and Shang Xiaoyuan, In Search of Civil Society (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1996), pp. 5-6.
5. 3 See, for example, Timothy Brook and B. Michael Frolic (eds.), Civil Society in China (Armonk, NY: M. E. Sharpe, 1997) and