1. Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
2. Division of Biomedical Statistics and Informatics, Department of Health Sciences Research
3. Department of Chest Disease, University Hospital of Strasbourg and Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg (FMTS), Strasbourg, France
4. Department of Medicine and
5. Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Montefiore Healthcare Center, Bronx, New York; and
6. Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, and
7. Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, Minnesota
8. Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care, and Pain Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts