1. Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care and
2. Health Services Research & Development, VA Portland Health Care System, Portland, Oregon
3. Palliative and Advanced Illness Research Center and
4. Division of Cardiovascular Medicine and
5. Center for Policy and Research in Emergency Medicine, Department of Emergency Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University School of Medicine, Portland, Oregon
6. Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care, Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
7. Division of Nephrology and
8. Division of Critical Care Medicine, Department of Anesthesia and Perioperative Care
9. Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
10. Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Allergy, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine
11. Department of Anesthesia and Perioperative Care, and
12. Department of Medicine and
13. Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee; and
14. Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California
15. University Health Network and
16. Sinai Health System, Interdepartmental Division of Critical Care Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
17. Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California