1. Centre for Heart Lung Innovation, St. Paul’s Hospital, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
2. Department of Anesthesiology, Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
3. School of Biomedical Engineering, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada; and
4. Department of Pathology and Medical Biology
5. Groningen Research Institute of Asthma and COPD, and
6. Department of Pulmonology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands