1. College of Medicine
2. Intensive Care Department and
3. Department of Intensive Care Services, Prince Sultan Military Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
4. Department of Intensive Care, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz Medical City, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
5. Department of Anesthesia and Critical Care, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
6. Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, and
7. Sunnybrook Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
8. College of Medicine, Alfaisal University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
9. Department of Intensive Care, Dr. Sulaiman Al-Habib Group Hospitals, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
10. Department of Critical Care, King Fahad Hospital, Al-Madinah Al-Monawarah, Saudi Arabia
11. Department of Critical Care, Ohoud Hospital, Al-Madinah Al-Monawarah, Saudi Arabia
12. Department of Critical Care Medicine, King Fahad Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
13. Intensive Care Department, Al-Noor Specialist Hospital, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
14. Department of Medicine, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
15. Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, King Fahad Armed Forces Hospital, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
16. Department of Critical Care Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
17. Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Tanta University Hospitals, Tanta, Egypt
18. Intensive Care Department, King Saud Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
19. King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
20. Intensive Care Department, King Abdulaziz Hospital, Al Ahsa, Saudi Arabia
21. Department of Research, Ministry of Health, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
22. Intensive Care Department, King Fahd Hospital, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
23. Department of Infection Prevention and Control, King Abdulaziz Medical City, National Guard Health Affairs, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
24. Research Office, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
25. International Severe Acute Respiratory and Emerging Infection Consortium, Infectious Diseases Data Observatory, Oxford University, Oxford, United Kingdom
26. Division of Infectious Diseases and International Health, Department of Medicine, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia
27. Institute of Health Policy Management and Evaluation, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; and
28. Department of Critical Care Medicine and
29. Department of Medicine, Sunnybrook Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada