1. Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine and University of Pittsburgh Medical Center
2. Center for Medicine and the Microbiome
3. Department of Computational and Systems Biology, and
4. Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
5. School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China; and
6. Veterans Affairs Pittsburgh Healthcare System, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania