1. Centre for Integrated Critical Care, Department of Medicine & Radiology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
2. Australian and New Zealand Intensive Care Research Centre, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
3. Intensive Care Unit, Royal Surrey Hospital Foundation Trust, Guildford, United Kingdom
4. Department of Clinical & Experimental Medicine, School of Biosciences & Medicine, University of Surrey, Guildford, United Kingdom
5. Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, and
6. Division of Pulmonary & Critical Care Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Maryland, Baltimore, Maryland
7. Department of Critical Care, Regions Hospital, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, Minnesota
8. Division of Critical Care, Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
9. Division of Intensive Care Medicine, Department of Perioperative, Intensive Care and Pain Medicine, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
10. Department of Anesthesiology, Section on Critical Care Medicine, School of Medicine, Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, North Carolina
11. Outcomes Research Consortium, Cleveland, Ohio
12. Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California-Davis, Northern California Health System, Mather, California
13. Renal Division, Department of Medicine, Emory University Medical Center, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia
14. La Jolla Pharmaceutical Company, San Diego, California
15. Stanford University, Palo Alto, California
16. Department of Medicine, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, San Diego, California; and
17. Department of Critical Care, Guy’s & St. Thomas’ Hospital, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom