1. Department of Medicine and
2. Department of Clinical Epidemiology & Biostatistics, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
3. University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
4. Czech Technical University–Prague, Kladno, Czech Republic
5. Wilhelmina Children’s Hospital, Utrecht, the Netherlands
6. Interdepartmental Division of Critical Care Medicine
7. Department of Medicine, and
8. Keenan Centre for Biomedical Research, Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael’s Hospital, Toronto, Canada
9. Department of Critical Care Medicine, Sunnybrook Health Science Centre, Toronto, Canada
10. Athens Medical School, Evaggelismos General Hospital, Athens, Greece
11. Trillium Health Partners, University of Toronto, Mississauga, Ontario, Canada
12. Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
13. Harvard University, Boston, Massachusetts
14. University Hospitals Bristol, National Health Service Foundation Trust, Bristol, United Kingdom
15. 12th Man Technologies, Garden Grove, California; and
16. Institute for Health Policy, Management, and Evaluation, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
17. Division of Respirology, Department of Medicine, University Health Network and Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto General Research Institute, Toronto, Canada