1. Norfolk and Norwich Pleural Unit, Norfolk and Norwich University Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Norfolk, United Kingdom
2. Academic Respiratory Unit, School of Clinical Sciences, Southmead Hospital, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
3. Medical Research Council Clinical Trials Unit and
4. Cardiff and Vale University Health Board, Cardiff, United Kingdom
5. Great Western Hospital, Swindon, United Kingdom
6. University Hospital of South Manchester NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, United Kingdom
7. Calderdale and Huddersfield NHS Foundation Trust, Huddersfield, United Kingdom
8. Somerset Lung Centre, Musgrove Park Hospital, Taunton, United Kingdom
9. Blackpool Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Blackpool, United Kingdom
10. North Tees and Hartlepool Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, North Tees, United Kingdom
11. University Hospital Ayr, Ayr, United Kingdom
12. Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Leeds, United Kingdom
13. James Cook University Hospital, South Tees, United Kingdom
14. Oxford Respiratory Trials Unit and Oxford Pleural Diseases Unit, Churchill Hospital, Oxford, United Kingdom
15. Guy’s and St. Thomas’ NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
16. School of Medicine and Pharmacology, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia; and
17. Research Department of Infection and Population Health, Institute of Epidemiology and Healthcare, University College London, London, United Kingdom
18. National Institute for Health Research Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom