1. Laboratório de Pneumologia, Laboratório de Investigação Médica 09, Disciplina de Pneumologia, Instituto do Coração, Hospital das Clínicas, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil;
2. Instituto de Ensino e Pesquisa, Hospital Sírio-Libanes, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil;
3. Interdepartmental Division of Critical Care Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada;
4. Keenan Research Centre, Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael’s Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada;
5. Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland;
6. Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil;
7. Instituto de Pesquisas Hospital do Coração–Hospital do Coração, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil;
8. Département de Médecine Intensive–Réanimation, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire d’Angers, Université d’Angers, Angers, France;
9. Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada;
10. Division of Respirology, Department of Medicine, University Health Network and Sinai Health System, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; and
11. Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, Toronto General Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada