1. Experimental and Clinical Respiratory Neurophysiology, Sorbonne University, INSERM, UMRS1158, Paris, France;
2. AP-HP, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Médecine Intensive Réanimation, R3S Department, Sorbonne University, Paris, France;
3. Pulmonary Engineering Group, Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany;
4. Department of Intensive Care and Resuscitation, Anesthesiology Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio;
5. Department of Outcomes Research, Anesthesiology Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio;
6. Université de Strasbourg, Service de Médecine Intensive-Réanimation, Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg, Nouvel Hôpital Civil, Strasbourg, France;
7. Department of Infectious Diseases and Respiratory Medicine, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany;
8. Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Fachkrankenhaus Kloster Grafschaft GmbH, Schmallenberg, Germany;
9. Institute for Pneumology at the University of Cologne Bethanien Hospital, Clinic for Pneumology and Allergology, Centre of Sleep Medicine and Respiratory Care, Solingen, Germany;
10. Département de Médecine Intensive, Réanimation et Médecine Hyperbare, CHU d’Angers, Faculté de Santé, Université d’Angers, Angers, France;
11. Medical Intensive Care Unit, Lapeyronie Teaching Hospital and PhyMedExp, University of Montpellier, Montpellier, France;
12. Department of Anesthesiology, Aachen University Hospital of the RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany;
13. Department of Anesthesiology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany;
14. Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care Unit, Regional University Hospital of Montpellier, St-Eloi Hospital, University of Montpellier, PhyMedExp, INSERM U1046, CNRS UMR, 9214, Montpellier, France;
15. AP-HP, Hôpital Louis Mourier, DMU ESPRIT, Service de Médecine Intensive Réanimation, Colombes, France;
16. Clinic for General and Interventional Cardiology, Heart and Diabetes Center North Rhine-Westphalia, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Bad Oeynhausen, Germany;
17. Department of Respiratory Medicine, Allergology and Sleep Medicine/Nuremberg Lung Cancer Center, Paracelsus Medical University, General Hospital Nuremberg, Nuremburg, Germany;
18. Department of Internal Medicine B, Cardiology, Pneumology, Weaning, Infectious Diseases, Intensive Care Medicine, University Hospital Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany;
19. Department of Internal Medicine II, Cardiology and Pneumology, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany;
20. Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany;
21. Department of Pulmonary Medicine and Oncology, Université Côte d'Azur, CHU de Nice, University Hospital Federation OncoAge, Nice, France;
22. Technomics Research, LLC, Minneapolis, Minnesota; and
23. AP-HP, Pitie-Salpêtrière Hospital, R3S Department, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France