1. Center for Healthcare Organization and Implementation Research, VA Boston and Bedford Healthcare Systems, Boston, Massachusetts;
2. VA Bedford Healthcare System, Bedford, Massachusetts;
3. The Pulmonary Center, School of Medicine, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts;
4. Department of Healthcare Delivery and Population Sciences, Chan Medical School-Baystate, University of Massachusetts, Springfield, Massachusetts;
5. Department of Statistics, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts;
6. Center to Improve Veteran Involvement in Care, VA Portland Health Care System, Portland Oregon;
7. National Center for Lung Cancer Screening, Veterans Health Administration, Washington, DC;
8. Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon;
9. Zuckerberg College of Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts, Lowell, Massachusetts;
10. VA Ann Arbor Healthcare System, Ann Arbor, Michigan; and
11. School of Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan