1. Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine,
2. Center for Anesthesia Research Excellence, and
3. School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy;
4. Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, Faculty of Medicine, University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan;
5. Medical Intensive Care Unit and PhyMedExp, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Montpellier University Hospital, Montpellier, France;
6. Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts; and
7. Department of Pulmonary, Critical Care & Sleep Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts;
8. Department of Anesthesiology, Düsseldorf University Hospital, Dusseldorf, Germany