Evolution of metabolic syndrome components in patients with autosomal-dominant polycystic kidney disease: a six-year follow-up study

Abstract

Aim: Long-term studies show that some metabolic syndrome (MS) components deteriorate renal function in autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) patients. The aim of this 6-year follow-up was to analyze early changes of all MS components and their associations with kidney function in the nondiabetic ADPKD patients with normal renal function, compared to controls. Material/Methods: The follow-up physical and laboratory examinations were performed for 39 ADPKD patients (age 43.7 ± 11.4 years) and 44 controls (43.5 ± 9.1 years). Results: We noticed a significant increase in weight, body mass index (BMI), waist, total and LDL cholesterol, C-peptide, uric acid, creatinine and significant decline of HbA1c and e-GFR in the ADPKD group. Increases in waist, uric acid and creatinine concentrations were significantly higher in the ADPKD patients than controls. Both groups showed similar rates of prediabetes, while diabetes developed in 5 controls (with 4 cases of type 2 diabetes and one case of type 1), but not in the ADPKD group (11% vs 0%, P = 0.06 for diabetes, 9% vs 0%, P = 0.12 for type 2 diabetes). The ADPKD group showed a significantly higher percentage of obesity, waist circumferences, systolic/diastolic blood pressure, concentrations of creatinine, urea and uric acid and lower e-GFR. The MS prevalence was comparable; however, the number of MS components was significantly higher in the ADPKD patients (median 2 vs. 1, p = 0.001). Conclusions: The presence of MS does not influence the rate of renal failure progression in nondiabetic ADPKD patients with normal renal function at a 6-year follow-up.