Cryoanalgesia as Essential Component of PerioperativeMultimodal Analgesia in Pediatrics – Literature Review

Abstract

The article introduces the application of cryoanalgesia as an innovative method utilizing low temperatures toalleviate pain, particularly in perioperative care for pediatric patients. Emphasis is placed on the necessity of paincontrol in accordance with Enhanced Recovery After Surgery (ERAS) principles. Temporary or permanent nervestructure damage due to cooling attenuate pain conduction, finding application across various medical fields. Inthe context of pediatric chest surgery, cryoanalgesia proves exceptionally effective in managing acute pain andpreventing chronic pain. Research demonstrates shortened hospitalization times, potential opioid dose reduction,and improved mobility rehabilitation. The article describes the first intraoperative application of intercostal nervecryoablation during the Nuss procedure in Polish children, showcasing its efficacy in treating acute pain. Twocryoanalgesia techniques are discussed in the article: intraoperative – intrathoracic during the thoracoscopy andpercutaneous – before the surgical procedure. Studies underscore the crucial role of precise probe placement foroptimal results. In conclusion, cryoanalgesia serves as an effective complement to pain control methods, presentingfavorable outcomes in various medical specialties, especially pediatric surgery. The article underscores the need forfurther research and a multidisciplinary approach to achieve optimal results.