Biological synthesis and characterization of titanium dioxide nanoparticle from Cynodon dactylon

Abstract

There are several advantages of using a biological technique to produce nanoparticles versus a chemical method. The primary goal of this work is to characterize and biologically synthesize titanium dioxide (TiO2) nanoparticles from Cynodon dactylon. The characterization has experimented with UV-Vis Spectroscopy, EDX analysis, SEM, XRD, and FTIR. The suggested study uses a simple biological technique to accomplish the systematic biological synthesis of TiO2 nanoparticles utilizing Cynodon dactylon plant extract and titanium tetra isopropoxide as a precursor. UV-Vis spectroscopy, Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), and X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) are used to confirm the fabrication of the TiO2 nanoparticles. The plant extract as well as titanium-based nanoparticles of the herb, Cynodon dactylon will be tested for its antibacterial activity against human pathogens. This eco-friendly technique for nanoparticle synthesis is straightforward and adaptable to major commercial manufacturing and technological applications. Cynodon dactylon biosynthesis of TiO2 nanoparticles is efficient, nutrition dependent, does not employ hazardous compounds, and happens at neutral pH levels. The antibacterial study results show that TiO2 nanoparticles synthesized using Cynodon dactylon have good antibacterial properties. TiO2 nanoparticle method of action against bacteria is unknown. This is an alternative process for synthesising TiO2 nanoparticles, apart from other chemical protocols, since this is quick and non-toxic. The antimicrobial property of biologically synthesized TiO2 nanoparticles against Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, and Acinetobacter baumannii was tested at four different doses of 15 µl/mg, 25 µl/mg, 50 µl/mg, and 75 µl/mg. The present results revealed the 75 µl/mg concentration got the highest zone of inhibition (15, 13, 15 mm) for Acinetobacter baumannii, Staphylococcus aureus, and Escherichia coli. Many nanoparticles smaller than 100 nm are firmly agglomerated with each other in the study. TiO2 nanoparticles absorb in the UV region of 200 to 400 nm. XRD measurements confirmed the presence of TiO2 nanoparticles in the biologically produced sample. In our work, EDX was used to confirm the existence of Ti after its synthesis by Cynodon dactylon. The biosynthesized TiO2 nanoparticles utilizing Cynodon dactylon plant extracts exhibit a good potent antibacterial activity. The proposed results showed that the TiO2 nanoparticles are well suited for biomedical applications. The suggested research identifies several eco-friendly, biological, and cost-effective procedures for manufacturing nano-coated herbal products. The agar well diffusion technique was used to assess antibacterial activities toward test pathogens such as Acinetobacter baumannii, Staphylococcus aureus, and Escherichia coli.