Surgery for Epiglottic Collapse in OSA Patients

Abstract

Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a common clinical entity, impacting millions of people worldwide. This condition stems from abnormal anatomical and physiological features, leading to intermittent upper airway collapse during sleeping hours. It has been well established that patients suffering from OSA are at increased risk for adverse cardiovascular outcomes if not properly diagnosed and treated in time. Aside from non-invasive treatments, such as positive airway pressure (PAP) masks, several surgical modalities have been shown to successfully reduce the severity and frequency of upper airway collapse. However, because different pathological mechanisms play a role in the pathophysiology of each patient’s condition, a more individualized approach is needed. One such mechanism is epiglottic collapse, which has been yet to be adequately studied and understood. Furthermore, the volume of medical literature addressing the role of epiglottic collapse in OSA and its association with different treatment outcomes is scarce. In this review of the literature, our aim was to present the current existing knowledge regarding epiglottic collapse, its role in the pathophysiology of OSA and the management of OSA associated with epiglottic collapse. We conclude that further research is needed in order to formulate quality evidence-based clinical guidelines regarding the issue at hand.