PPARα and PPARγ as main regulators of fatty acid metabolism

Abstract

PPARα and PPARγ nuclear receptors are transcription factors responsible for regulating the expression of lipid, carbohydrate and protein metabolism genes. PPAR receptors are distinguished by their capability to efficiently bind a number of synthetic or natural ligands. Genes encoding PPARα and PPARγ are expressed in many tissues and organs, including in the adipose tissue. Changes in the expression of these genes are dependent on many factors, such as the impact of other genes and fatty acids. PPARα and PPARγ proteins are - due to their neuroprotective and anti-inflammatory properties, as well as the key role they play in lipid metabolism ‒ important for human health. This is especially true with regards to neurological disorders such as Alzheimer’s disease or those accompanied by a metabolic syndrome ‒ type II diabetes, insulin resistance, obesity and hypertension.