Are allergies, asthma or hypersensitivity to NSAIDs equally a risk factor for the development of a specific CRS phenotype?

Abstract

Introduction: CRS is a complex systemic disease affecting more than 10% of the population. There are two main types of CRS phenotypes: CRSwNP and CRSsNP. In the Caucasian population, the prevalence of inflammation markers typical of the Th1 profile is observed in CRSsNP, whereas Th2 and Th17 in CRSwNP. Th2 inflammation is observed in the CRSwNP phenotype with concomitant allergies, asthma or hypersensitivity to NSAIDs. Objectives: The aim of the study was to evaluate, based on the authors' own material, whether allergies, asthma or hypersensitivity to NSAIDs was a risk factor for the development of a specific CRS phenotype. An attempt was also made to investigate the effect of comorbidities on the extent of sinus endoscopic procedures, which depended on the severity of inflammation. Methods: In the years 2006–2015, ESS was performed on 2217 patients with different CRS phenotypes. Patients with an allergy, bronchial asthma and hypersensitivity to NSAIDs were subjected to analysis. Results: Based on logistic regression, it has been found that among the comorbidities, only asthma (p < 0.0001) and hypersensitivity to NSAIDs (p = 0.0007) significantly affect the occurrence of the phenotype with polyps, whereas the impact of allergies is statistically insignificant (p = 0.1909). The relationship between the type of ESS and CRS phenotypes is statistically significant (p < 0.0001). Conclusions: Bronchial asthma and hypersensitivity to NSAIDs have a statistically significant effect on the occurrence of the CRSwNP phenotype. This effect has not been observed in the case of allergies. The impact of allergies, asthma and hypersensitivity on the phenotype has been observed in the group of patients subjected to the most extensive surgery (ESS 4).