The 2022 solar fuels roadmap

Author:

Segev GideonORCID,Kibsgaard JakobORCID,Hahn ChristopherORCID,Xu Zhichuan JORCID,Cheng Wen-Hui (Sophia)ORCID,Deutsch Todd GORCID,Xiang Chengxiang,Zhang Jenny ZORCID,Hammarström LeifORCID,Nocera Daniel GORCID,Weber Adam ZORCID,Agbo PeterORCID,Hisatomi TakashiORCID,Osterloh Frank EORCID,Domen KazunariORCID,Abdi Fatwa FORCID,Haussener SophiaORCID,Miller Daniel J,Ardo ShaneORCID,McIntyre Paul CORCID,Hannappel ThomasORCID,Hu ShuORCID,Atwater HarryORCID,Gregoire John MORCID,Ertem Mehmed ZORCID,Sharp Ian DORCID,Choi Kyoung-ShinORCID,Lee Jae Sung,Ishitani OsamuORCID,Ager Joel WORCID,Prabhakar Rajiv Ramanujam,Bell Alexis TORCID,Boettcher Shannon WORCID,Vincent KylieORCID,Takanabe KazuhiroORCID,Artero VincentORCID,Napier RyanORCID,Cuenya Beatriz RoldanORCID,Koper Marc T MORCID,Van De Krol RoelORCID,Houle FrancesORCID

Abstract

Abstract Renewable fuel generation is essential for a low carbon footprint economy. Thus, over the last five decades, a significant effort has been dedicated towards increasing the performance of solar fuels generating devices. Specifically, the solar to hydrogen efficiency of photoelectrochemical cells has progressed steadily towards its fundamental limit, and the faradaic efficiency towards valuable products in CO2 reduction systems has increased dramatically. However, there are still numerous scientific and engineering challenges that must be overcame in order to turn solar fuels into a viable technology. At the electrode and device level, the conversion efficiency, stability and products selectivity must be increased significantly. Meanwhile, these performance metrics must be maintained when scaling up devices and systems while maintaining an acceptable cost and carbon footprint. This roadmap surveys different aspects of this endeavor: system benchmarking, device scaling, various approaches for photoelectrodes design, materials discovery, and catalysis. Each of the sections in the roadmap focuses on a single topic, discussing the state of the art, the key challenges and advancements required to meet them. The roadmap can be used as a guide for researchers and funding agencies highlighting the most pressing needs of the field.

Funder

Korean Ministry of Science

U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, Fuels from Sunlight Hub

Horizon 2020 Framework Programme

National Science Foundation

Alfred P. Sloan Foundation

Thistledown Foundation

Research Corporation for Science Advancement

Schweizerischer Nationalfonds zur Förderung der Wissenschaftlichen Forschung

TomKat Foundation

Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council

U.S. Department of Energy

Taiwan Ministry of Education and Taiwan and Ministry of Science

Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory

the Netherlands Ministry of Economic Affairs and Climate Policy

Nederlandse Organisatie voor Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek

Agence Nationale de la Recherche

European Research Council

Carlsbergfondet

Mohammed bin Salman Center

Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft

Japan Society for the Promotion of Science

German Federal Ministry of Education and Research

NSF Chemical Catalysis

Publisher

IOP Publishing

Subject

Surfaces, Coatings and Films,Acoustics and Ultrasonics,Condensed Matter Physics,Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials

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